The quadruple marker test in pregnancy is an advanced screening test performed during the second trimester to assess the baby’s risk of chromosomal abnormalities and certain birth defects. Also known as the quadruple screen, it measures four important markers in the mother’s blood: AFP, hCG, uE3, and Inhibin A.
This test is particularly relevant in India because the prevalence of Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) is about 1.2 per 1,000 live births, making regular antenatal screening crucial for every expectant parent.
What Is the Quadruple Test for Trisomy 13?
The quadruple test for Trisomy 13 helps estimate the chances of a baby being born with this rare but serious chromosomal condition. While it is more commonly used for Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and Trisomy 18, the risk for Trisomy 13 can also be suggested if certain marker levels deviate significantly from the quadruple test normal values.
When is the Quadruple Test Done?
The quadruple test time is between 15–22 weeks of pregnancy, with the ideal window being 16–18 weeks. In India, doctors usually recommend this test if the first-trimester double marker test was missed.
Quadruple Test Normal Values in India
The quadruple test normal values India results are expressed in MoM (Multiples of the Median). These values adjust according to gestational age, maternal weight, and other factors. Typically, the quadruple marker test normal values are:
- AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein): 0.5 – 2.5 MoM
- hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin): 0.5 – 2.0 MoM
- uE3 (Unconjugated Estriol): 0.5 – 2.0 MoM
- Inhibin A: 0.5 – 2.0 MoM
Note: MoM (Multiple of the Median): Standardized way to compare your value with the typical value for your exact gestational age.
Cost ranges in Indian hospitals
The cost of the quadruple marker test in India varies depending on city and hospital type:
- Government hospitals: ₹1,500 – ₹2,500
- Private hospitals & IVF clinics: ₹3,000 – ₹5,000
- Premium diagnostic centers: up to ₹6,000
Quadruple Test Normal Values Explained
What Is the Normal Range of Quadruple Tests?
The quadruple marker test normal values generally fall between 0.5–2.0 MoM for all markers. Values within this range are usually considered “normal.”
What Is Trisomy 21’s Normal Range?
For Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), there isn’t a fixed “normal range.” Instead, doctors look for a pattern:
- Low AFP
- Low uE3
- High hCG
- High Inhibin A
If this combination occurs, the risk for Down syndrome is considered higher.
What Is a Normal AFP MoM in Pregnancy?
The normal AFP MoM in pregnancy is 0.5 – 2.5. High AFP may suggest neural tube defects, while low AFP may indicate risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
What Is the Normal Range of Inhibin A in Pregnancy?
The quadruple test normal values for Inhibin A fall between 0.5–2.0 MoM. A significantly higher level often increases the calculated risk for Trisomy 21.
How To Read Quad Test Results?
Labs report each marker in MoM (Multiples of the Median) rather than a single fixed number, because the median changes with gestational age (and other factors like weight). An MoM of 1.0 means your value equals the lab’s median for that exact week/day of pregnancy. Most “normal” results typically cluster around 0.5–2.0 MoM (some labs allow AFP up to 2.5 MoM as typical). Your report will show each analyte’s MoM and an overall screen risk.
Quad screen normal values (typical MoM ranges)
| Analyte | Typical MoM range considered “normal”* |
| AFP | 0.5 – 2.0 (some labs use 0.5 – 2.5) |
| hCG | 0.5 – 2.0 |
| uE3 | 0.5 – 2.0 |
| Inhibin A | 0.5 – 2.0 |
Each laboratory sets its own medians, reference bands, and cut-offs—always interpret your report using the lab’s ranges and your clinician’s advice.
High risk vs. low risk numbers
- Low risk: A result like 1 in 950 means only one pregnancy out of 950 with similar results may be affected.
- High risk: A result like 1 in 200 or lower (e.g., 1 in 150) is considered screen positive.
What Is an Abnormal Quad Test in Pregnancy?
An abnormal quadruple test means the result falls outside the quadruple marker test normal values or the combined risk is higher than the clinical cut-off.
What Is a High-Risk Quad Test Result?
A high-risk result suggests that the baby has an increased chance of conditions such as Down syndrome, Trisomy 18, or spina bifida. This does not confirm the diagnosis—it only indicates the need for further testing like NIPT or amniocentesis.
What is hCG in the Quadruple Marker Test?
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) is a pregnancy hormone measured in the quadruple marker test. High hCG, when paired with high Inhibin A, and low AFP/uE3, often suggests increased risk of Down syndrome.
Next Steps After Quadruple Test
What To Do If a Quadruple Test Is Positive?
If your quadruple test is positive, don’t panic. It only means further evaluation is needed. Doctors may suggest:
- Level II ultrasound (genetic sonogram)
- NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)
- Amniocentesis for confirmation
What If a Quadruple Test Is Negative?
If your quadruple test is negative, it means the chances of chromosomal abnormalities are very low. However, routine follow-ups and ultrasounds should continue as part of normal pregnancy care.
Conclusion
The quadruple test normal values are an important guideline for understanding your baby’s risk of genetic conditions. In India, where the prevalence of Down syndrome is about 1.2 per 1,000 live births, this test gives families a vital opportunity for early reassurance and planning.
At Ankuran IVF Clinic, we specialize in interpreting quadruple test normal values India with precision. Our team provides personalized counseling, advanced fetal screening, and world-class IVF services to ensure parents receive clarity and confidence at every step of pregnancy.
Book your consultation with Ankuran IVF Clinic today for expert guidance on your quadruple marker test results.
What Blood Test Is Done at 16 Weeks for Spina Bifida?
The quadruple marker test at 16 weeks checks AFP levels, which are important for detecting spina bifida and other neural tube defects.
What Is the Accuracy of a Quadruple Marker Test?
The quad screen normal values detect around 80% of Down syndrome cases and 75% of open neural tube defects, with about a 5% false positive rate.
Can a Quadruple Marker Test Detect Autism?
No. The quadruple marker test in pregnancy cannot detect autism. It only screens for chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.
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